The Netherlands is divided into 12 provinces. The two most populated provinces are Noord Holland and Zuid Holland, translating into North and South Holland. People often refer to the country as "Holland", but really that name applies only these two most populated provinces, in the western part of the country.
Covered here are the largest stations in the Netherlands. Included are links to Google Maps for each station.
Nederlandse Spoorwegen - official NS Web site, English is available.
Sporenplan Online - fan web site including track diagrams of NS and other European railways. English is not always available, but the track diagrams can generally be understood without knowing Dutch.
Amsterdam-Haarlem-Leiden-Den Haag-Rotterdam-Roosendaal-Antwerpen (Belgium)
Amsterdam-Utrecht-Arnhem-Emmerich (Germany)
Amsterdam-Weesp-Hilversum-Amersfoort-Apeldoorn-Deventer-Almelo-Hengelo-Enschede
Utrecht-Geldermalsen-SHertogenbosch-Eindhoven-Roermond-Sittard-Maastricht
Rotterdam/Den Haag-Gouda-Woerden-Utrecht-Amersfoort-Zwolle-Leeuwarden/Groningen
Main lines are electrified at 1500 volts DC. NS continues to operate most electrified lines, while most diesel operated lines have been outsourced to different companies. On the Google Maps linked from these pages, the markings identifying the directions for lines are blue for electrified lines and red for diesel operated lines.
Portions of this web site are "bilingual", with Dutch and English.
These web sites with information on stations are in Dutch, but tips are included on how to most easily make sense of the information.
Stationsweb
The "spoorlijnen" link is most useful, which goes to a list of lines. Clicking on a line goes to a list of stations and kilometer measurements, with the opening and closing (sluiting) dates, and the original company (maatschappij). And clicking on a station goes to a collection of photos.
Stationsinfo
At the center of the home page, one can click on an Alphabetic register or a Chronological register (the Dutch words are similar) of stations. Which include the construction year (Bouwjaar).
Many stations in the Netherlands have an innovative design, where many tracks are divided into "a" and "b" sections along the platform. Typically between two tracks serving platforms, there might be a third middle track, and crossovers connecting the middle track with the platform tracks at the halfway point along the platforms. This will enable a train to run around a train stopped along one half of the platform, and serve the other half of the platform on the same track. And other variations exist in splitting the tracks and platforms.